A lire dans la revue Hommes & Migrations : http://www.histoire-immigration.fr/hommes-migrations/article/transmutation-et-transmission-des-savoirs-cas-d-une-touaregue-du-mali
Ci-dessous, l'article entier en anglais
"Knowledge in exile - Transmutation and transmission of knowledge: the case of a Tuareg from Mali
It is essential to protect the bearers of knowledge in situ before the extreme conditions that drive them into exile arise. Also, the right to exile and support during exile must be secured so that scholars in exile may contribute to the chain of transmission and transmutation of knowledge. Scholars carry with them the hope of real links between the different branches of knowledge of societies and countries!
Projet Restrica (1)
Life is precarious in times of conflict: besides the risk of violent death, conflicts affect living conditions, societal values and solidarities. Conflicts kill through starvation and disease, through loss of hope and desire for life. The carriers of knowledge are often the first victims: the centrifugal forces of conflicts seldom tolerate appeals to lucidity and wisdom. Our ‘libraries’, to use the famous words of Amadou Hampâté Bâ, burn much more than in times of peace. Some forces are known for their contempt for freedom, democracy, and knowledge. They try to hide this contempt behind ideologies and propaganda to win over helpless citizens.
It is essential to underline the responsibility of countries of origin in the exile of their scholars. No situation should exempt a country from their duty to protect scholars. This duty is an integral part of any genuine democracy. Supporting and protecting scholars in exile must be a priority. The human development index (HDI) could include a consideration of scholar-exiles: the score for knowledge/education would be negatively affected by the number of scholars in exile. Specific programmes should be set up to provide systematic assessment of the needs of scholars in exile as well as specific assistance. Countries of origin should be brought to acknowledge their responsibility and made to contribute to the costs of such programmes. Special attention should be paid to women scholars.
Exile allows one to escape from a conflict but it involves a twofold peril for the knowledge of the exiled person: the loss of memory linked to the remoteness of the geographical and human environment that is the source of this knowledge, and the danger of a devaluation of this knowledge, which may appear as of little relevance to the host environment, and, worse, as a hindrance in the necessary adaptation to the host environment. The risk is aggravated by an essentialization of the knowledge by the exiled person, obscuring its dynamic and necessarily hybrid character. Exile exacerbates the challenge of adapting to change. Exile is not enriching if it is only nostalgia and withdrawal into oneself or an enforced acculturation. In a situation of exile, the ambition of the exiled scholar and the welcoming structures of the host country should be a partnership that aims from the outset at mutual enrichment through the recognition and enhancement of diversity
SAFEGUARDING KNOWLEDGE IN EXILE
The composite portrait of my exile includes a photo of Fadi (also exiled, in Mauritania, until her recent death), of myself, of my home in Mali and my offices ransacked on 1 February 2012, of the “Concept 3P”, a training methodology that I developed in the early 2000s for entrepreneurship in Mali, and a of well-known square in Rennes, the city that welcomed me. Fadi and I worked on creating a gateway for the transmission and sharing of knowledge specific to Tuareg society in northern Mali. It aims at transmitting this knowledge to our Tuareg children, whose future will inevitably be different from our past, and sharing it with non-Tuareg people, from whom we hope to learn in return. The gateway will take the form of a new edition of the monograph ISIFRAN. Maladies et soins en milieu touareg (ISIFRAN. Diseases and care in the Tuareg environment), with a preface by Professor Pierre Boilley and contributions by Professor Barbara Fiore and Dr Ibrahim Ag Youssouf.
The Concept 3P was translated in a published manual dedicated to trainers and those who train them. It is used for the in common support of life project bearers with different profiles (age, education, languages, experiences). It provides training that is based on and fits directly into the realities of Mali. Applying the concept reduces disparities due to illiteracy, disrupted or inadequate of courses in the labour market. The cost and duration of training are far less than those of conventional training. All of these issues are important in Mali. This concept has obtained convincing results in supporting life project bearers in Mali by SERIM (Industrial Studies and Research Company of Mali), in Mali, Mauritania and at the University of Tromsø in Norway. Being hosted in France, at the University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, within the Institute of African Worlds (IMAF), allows me to refine my research on the Concept"
Texte original de Zakiyatou Oualet Halatine, Researcher specialized in capacity development, SMEs and value chains
"Regards sur les exils scientifiques contraints d’aujourd’hui (RESTRICA) est un projet de portraits photographiques. L’exposition qui en découle, « Poser pour la liberté », a été réalisée de toutes pièces par l’enseignante-chercheuse Pascale Laborier, professeure de Science politique à l’Université Paris-Nanterre.et le photographe Pierre-Jérôme Adjedj, avec l’aide de Amaryllis Quezada, coordinatrice de Pause."
https://www.u-plum.fr/projet-restrica/